Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Capital punishment - Essay Example Our central matters for the abrogation of capital punishment are ethical quality and detail. The first contentions for the death penalty doesn't any longer apply however are obsolete †prevention, requital, and so on. The lessons of the Bible †the Old and the New Testaments †disclose to us one significant part of creation: ensure life and don't permit retribution. God didn't murder Cain for slaughtering his own sibling Abel yet rather sent him on outcast and put an imprint on him with the goal that nobody would execute him. An entry in the Bible of states: ‘an tit for tat, a tooth for a tooth’. This educating doesn't mean ending the life of a killer or somebody who has carried out an egregious wrongdoing, however it implies constraining the reprisal for an offense. At the point when Jesus was introduced the lady blamed for infidelity, he didn't censure the lady however told those present â€Å"to cast the first stone†, which implies we ought not denounce anybody yet permit a heathen to change. Another contention is the ground of detail. The criminal equity framework, a human framework, is defective. That is to say, it isn't generally flawless regardless of all the brilliant, lawful personalities the world has ever created. Decisions are not great. The Supreme Court decided that capital punishment disregarded the Eight and Fourteenth Amendments. At that point in another decision in 1976, Gregg v. Georgia, the Court again repudiated itself by deciding that capital punishment as such was not unlawful. (Bedau 2005, p. 23) In Furman, it was decided that some state resolutions were unlawful, which permitted that capital punishment rules must be revised. Promoters of capital punishment started proposing new laws for the death penalty. As it were, backers of capital punishment deciphered this as a chance to compose new laws so that there would be no more questions of holding capital punishment. It was accounted for that there were 35 states that changed their

The significance of the Copenhagen Conference Essay

The criticalness of the Copenhagen Conference - Essay Example Anyway the new Obama organization appears to be available to the issue. Before, the US has treated environmental change as a non-issue, concentrating on it just during political crusades. By and by there are signs that the US government may reevaluate its firm stance position on a dangerous atmospheric devation. It had just consented to cut its discharges by 17% in 2005. Continuously 2030, US intends to cut emanations by 42% and 83% by 2050 (Broder). China is additionally one of the world’s greatest air polluter and a ton of weight has been put on that country’s government to think of stage to control the emanations that originate from enterprises in China. China has just consented to cut CO2 emanations per GDP unit by 40 to 45% continuously 2020 (Zhi Lin). The entire world absolutely concurs that an unnatural weather change should be tended to as an issue of direness. For example the UK has as of now officially consented to cut discharges by 20%. Nations in the European locale likewise consented to cut their outflows by a similar edge (Bulow). Because of an Earth-wide temperature boost, the world is getting more sultry. The Polar Regions are dissolving and this thus is causing the ocean level to rise. It has been said that a few islands may vanish if the circumstance isn't tended to. Deserts are expanding and numerous individuals are abandoning water and food. This isn't what the world needs, and the sooner this atmosphere issue is settled, the better it will be for everybody (Anup). The meeting comes when the world is unable to address factors that have prompted a worldwide temperature alteration and serious environmental change in different pieces of the world. On the off chance that the world heads go to a pragmatic understanding, this could be a gigantic advance towards sparing the world from absolute demolition. Anyway the meeting may wind up like such a significant number of atmosphere based gatherings before it, which didn't create any indisputable answer for the issue of

What You Need to Know About Writing Tricks for Everyone

What You Need to Know About Writing Tricks for Everyone Wow, there’s a lot of writing advice online. Seems like every blogger and writer has a tip or trick they swear by, some must-follow technique that unlocks the door of writing victory. But for every post about good advice, there’s another quoting someone famous who offers a counterpoint to debunk it. So just what should everyone know about writing, and what tricks can be found to improve their craft, and chances of success? We found this topical thread over on Quora asking “What should everyone know about writing?”. And like elsewhere online, there’s a lot of practical advice and tips on improving writing methods, but only a few actually answered the thread question. We decided to delve into it a bit further, and see what answers apply equally to all aspiring writers. Read on, and see what insights were found. What You Need to Know About Writing The noun writing has two applicable descriptions for our purposes, as found in the Miriam-Webster dictionary. They are: “The activity or work of writing books, poems, stories etc.”             And, “The way that you use written words to express your ideas or opinions.” So, to break it down into the basic components, writing is work and a manner in which you arrange words to communicate ideas. Seems simple enough Writing is Work Even if your writing is strictly hobbyist in nature, it still takes work to communicate your ideas clearly. It’s certainly one of the more common themes at the Quora thread. Here’s a sampling of quotes from contributors on the idea of writing as work: “Its a full time job. To be successful you must be disciplined.” Zachary Norman “Good writing takes work, the desire to learn the craft, a thick skin, and practice.” Deanna Kizis “Writing is work. Thinking about what we are writing is work.” T.L. Wagener To successfully share your ideas and opinions, you have to put in the time and effort to develop the skill of writing. That’s what work is, you diligently apply yourself through repetition to learn the steps necessary to master a skill. And how do you become proficient at any skill? With practice, of course. Chuck Wendig at terribleminds.com has this to say about learning the craft of writing: “You can practice what you do. You practice it by writing, by reading, by living a life worth writing about. You must always be learning, gaining, improving.” Sound like work, right? And Michael Nye, in a post at the missourireview.com echoes Mr. Wendig’s point with the following: “The writers achieving success are hard working. Being the most talented writer doesn’t necessarily translate into publishing success, which really comes from methodical and consistent work rather than raw talent.” While talent is nice, you’ve either got it or you don’t. But a skill set is learnable, and writing is a learnable skill. And as with any new skill, the more time and attention you invest in its practice, the more proficient and, ironically, talented you’ll become. And what should you practice? The basics. Start with the fundamentals of strong writing: Spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Build your vocabulary. Learn how to compose a sentence, and to organize your thoughts into a paragraph. Master the active voice and how to use action verbs. Develop editing skills and how to eliminate unnecessary wordiness. In a post for WriteToDone, Glen Long sums up the learning process in these three steps â€" study, practice and feedback. “This learning cycle is essential because it helps you to hone your writing instincts. It trains the internal critic that guides the hundreds of tiny decisions you make each time you sit down and write.” The trick here isn’t very tricky, but one that’s apt to be bypassed in the rush to be published. It’s this â€" you have to know the rules before you can break them.  Writing is work. To become really good at your work, you must practice the necessary skills. And the necessary skills to practice are writing basics. The Way You Use Words The second description of writing relates to your voice. It’s the way you use written words to express your ideas or opinions. Your voice is the one truly original thing about your writing. While style, form and structure are all derivatives modeled from the work of others, your voice is your unique perspective. It’s one of a kind. Why develop your voice? Jeff Goins gives a pretty clear explanation: “Finding your voice is the key to getting dedicated followers and fans and that’s the only sustainable way to write.” And this comment from Cori Padgett in a post at Copyblogger.com gets straight to the point: “It seems that in my rather meandering journey to becoming a ghostwriter-cum-blogger, I unexpectedly stumbled upon what seems to be the Holy Grail for many aspiring writers. I’m talking about my voice.” To share your ideas and your opinions, it must come from your voice and your voice needs to be heard in a multitude of ways. From the above post, we have three great tricks to develop your voice: Speak your readers’ language. Talk to them in everyday language they understand and can relate to. Know why you’re writing. Without a purpose, writing can seem flat and lifeless. Infuse it with the passion that comes from knowing your purpose for writing. Brand it. Stamp your work with your individuality, let your idiosyncrasies show in rhythm, word selection and tone. It’s the best way for your readers to get to know you. In conclusion, perhaps the best tricks we can offer everyone to know about writing are simply to be yourself and to invest in your writing success by learning the basics. You need to pay your dues so, get to work.

Hunting Subsistence Strategies Before Agriculture

Mobile Device Security Threats - 1184 Words

Mobile device security Threats: Over the past two decades, we have witnessed significant technology advances in mobile devices, from the personal data assistants (PDAs) of the late 1990s and early 2000s to the ubiquitous and multifunctional smartphones of today. These advances have extended the virtual boundaries of the enterprise, blurring the lines between home and office and coworker and competitor by providing constant access to email, enabling new mobile business applications and allowing the access to, and storing of, sensitive company data. Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, proliferate in today’s corporate environments. While there are significant opportunities to leverage these devices to increase the†¦show more content†¦However, an attacker can easily bypass incorrect, insufficient or weakly implemented controls, thereby leveraging the internal network’s trust in the device. For example, BlackBerry devices supported by the appropriate version of BlackBerry Enterprise Server can act as modems for a laptop to access the intranet. This would bypass some device restrictions and allow a malicious user to attack the internal network from the much more functional platform of a PC. †¢ Stolen or lost devices A fundamental problem of mobile devices is physical access control.By their design, mobile devices are most useful outside of the office and on the move with the owner. This presents several concerns for a security administrator, as the device on the move is more likely to. After going thru these threats, I personally recommend these solutions: †¢ Network accessibility Commercial applications or custom-developed applications are used to connect to common services on the internal corporate network to test the availability of internal web servers, FTP servers, database servers and other critical infrastructure. These tests also establish connections to internal web applications that should be inaccessible to the device. The existing web browsers and proprietary web application testing tools are used to circumvent access controls. †¢ Policy configuration With regard to policy configuration, the local device policies determine whetherShow MoreRelatedMobile Devices : Mobile Device Security Threats1747 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Usage of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, has surpassed desktop and laptop computers in this day and age. These devices are being used for applications like banking, personal digital assistance, remote working, m-commerce, Internet access, entertainment and medical usage [2]. Also, recent innovations in mobile commerce have enabled users to conduct many transactions from their smartphone, such as purchasing goods and applications over wireless networks, redeemingRead MoreMobile Device Security And Other Threats1304 Words   |  6 PagesMobile Device Security and Other Threats Darryl Gennie Dr. Bouaffo Kouame Augusta CIS 502 28 February 2016 Strayer University â€Æ' Security threats have not only grown and matured quickly, but the people behind these threats have become more creative in disguising and hiding their work. These criminals have become more adept at eluding their identification and are now relying on cryptography. Some of the more frequent used threats were listed in the Security Threat Report 2014 such asRead MoreThe Impact of Mobile Devices on Cyber Security1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of Mobile Devices on Cyber security: The modern society including corporate environments has been characterized by the proliferation of mobile devices. The increased use of these devices is attributed to the significant opportunities they bring and their contribution towards enhanced communication. However, the increased use of mobile devices has been accompanied by considerable concerns regarding the privacy of personal information and sensitive corporate data that are stored on themRead MoreEssay about Annotated Bibliography on Information Technology768 Words   |  4 Pageson Information Technology Mobile Security in the Future Adesina, A. O., Agbele, K. K., Februarie, R., Abidoye, A. P., amp; Nyongesa, H. O. (2011). Ensuring the security and privacy of information in mobile health-care communication systems. South African Journal of Science, 107(9), 26-32. This research article examines the security concerns of using mobile technology systems in health care institution. Various methods of ensuring privacy and security of patient’s electronic medicalRead MoreMobile Devices And The Business Environment1491 Words   |  6 Pages Securing Mobile devices in the Business Environment: Introduction: Today,mobile devices are becoming important in everyone’s life and these are playing a crucial role in peoples life and work.smart phones and tablets are used by people as work tools in place of desktops.Now-a-days,there is a rapid increase of usage of mobile devices in business and enterprises for their growth.Features of mobile devices is changing a lot and because of those some features threats are also increasing.securityRead MoreSmartphones And Other Mobile Devices1630 Words   |  7 Pagessmartphones and other mobile devices are playing a greater central role in how people are entertained, communicate, network, work, bank, shop, and how employees interact in a corporation. Times are changing and everything is growing within the mobile market--whether in performance, storage, applications, or abilities--have been occurring at an extremely rapid pace. However, there is basic area in which broad time and circumstances in expansion have not been realized on mobile devices, especially whenRead MoreWireless And Mobile Security Plan1584 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: WIRELESS AND MOBILE SECURITY PLAN Wireless and Mobile Security Plan Patrick C. Behan Regis University Context:  Our networks are becoming more vulnerable because of wireless and mobile computing. Ubiquitous devices can and do pose a significant vulnerability. In this activity, you are to think outside the box and determine how to best defend against these threats. Scenario - You are an Information Security engineer for a midsized company. The company would like to offer directRead MoreTaking a Look at Mobile Risk Management708 Words   |  3 Pagesthat are associated with mobile devices. Mobile Risk management is way beyond traditional management of mobile device where they were primarily working on control tactics and on risk avoidance. The MRM is done to allow their full potential of mobility to exercise while ensuring regulatory compliance and protecting corporate data. In order to achieve accurate balance among risk mitigation, compliance assurance and device management and simultaneously maximizing utility of device and user acceptance thatRead MoreMobile Phones : A Target For Hackers1489 Words   |  6 PagesMobile phones play huge role in our lives as they help us get connected to each other all the time. Since the last decade, Mobile phones continued to evolve into smartphones which can do much more than calling and texting. Smartphones are nothing but computers with extra internal hardware specifically a GSM radio (Global System for Mobile Communications) and a baseband processor that controls the radio. Along with these primary hardware components, smartphones now comes embedded with additional hardwareRead MoreMobile Device Security Concerns For Android Powered Mobile Devices Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pa gesCurrently, mobile devices have become increasingly essential to every facet of business communication. Smartphones and tablets are becoming the norm in most business environments. As a result of this widespread device proliferation, mobile device security now needs to be a primary concern for information security personnel in any organization. Increasingly, companies are adapting to a BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) policy, in which end user devices are privately owned, rather than owned by the corporation

Analyzing The Best Practices On The Quality And Validity...

Summarize the â€Å"best practices† of interviewing as discussed in the Snook et al (2012) article and then discuss how the use (or lack of use) of best practices can impact the quality and validity of information gathered by police officers. Purpose and Need for Study (Snook et al (2012): Based on limited knowledge about the current questioning practices, authors did the examination of real-life questioning practices of Canadian police officers in seeks to develop the best practices for the future successful criminal investigations practices. ( The reserchers underline ) the necessity to review the questioning practices to conduct of the professional and ethical information-gathering interviews (e.g., Fisher Geiselman, 1992; Lamb, Hersh Main Finding(s): Were coded: 80 transcripts of police interviews with suspects and accused persons. the type of questions asked, the length of each response to each question, the proportion of words spoken was estimated Results: Only less than 1% of the questions asked in an interview were open-ended, - 40% and 30% of the questions asked were the closed questions like yes–no and probing questions. 14% of the interviews were asked to make free narrative The 80–20of talking rule was violated in every interview. Only 30% of the witness interviews contained the use of a free narrative. (Fisher et al. 1987) interviewers generally do not use questioning practices that maximize the amount of information that can be extracted from anShow MoreRelatedEmployee Recruitment and Selection Process at Smeda10645 Words   |  43 PagesCHAPTER # 1 PROJCET PROPOSAL 1. Background of the Study As it is a pre-requisite for the students to carryout project report at the end of their Degree about any organization of their choice for bridging the gap between theory and practice. The project is documented and written in form of a report, based on theoretical and practical learning of the student. The undertaking concern of this report is to study and analyze employee recruitment and selection process at SMEDA. The researcherRead MoreInternal Auditing in an Organization and Its Effects on Financial Administration and Controls14791 Words   |  60 Pagesloss accounts give a true reflection of the profit and loss for the period, according to the best of his information and the explanations given to him as shown by the books and if not in what respect he is not satisfied . The owners accept the financial reports as credible. The errors, not disclose fraud, be inadvertently misleading, be deliberately misleading, and fail to disclose relevant information or fail to conform to regulations. There is therefore the need for an independent person to expressRead MoreVietnams Bank Risk Management33687 Words   |  135 PagesPOLICIES AND PRACTICES IN A VIETNAMESE JOINTSTOCK COMMERCIAL BANK‟S TRANSACTION OFFICE Business Economics and Tourism 2010 1 FOREWORD At this moment, the financial sector still attracts a lot of controversy both at the regulator and the banker level. The regulators have been discussing on tighter banking rules. At the same time, the banks have also been strengthening their own health with stricter supervision, one of which is to reinforce credit risk management practices. I have long wantedRead MoreSystem Audit12707 Words   |  51 PagesBIT 2318 Information System Audit Outline: 1) Introduction to IT audit, purpose Types of IT audits, history of IT audit, major events that have prompted the use of and been solved using IT audit techniques. IT Audit process outline; process and phases. Planning the audit, materiality, risk assessment. 2) Effective information system audit. Evaluation of controls, types and tests of controls. Audit sampling, sampling methods, sample evaluation. 3) Audit automation andRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 PagesE-5). o Adds requirement for survey administrator and data collector to protect respondent anonymity and results confidentiality; adds exceptions to the confidentiality of survey responses; prohibits collection of personally identifiable information (para E-7). o Makes administrative changes and updates paragraph titles (app E). o Note. Army Directive 2012-06, Centralized Selection List - Tour Length Policy for Command and Key Billets; Army Directive 2012-13, Policy and Implementing Read MoreEffectiveness of Pccr Review Center19276 Words   |  78 Pagescontinue. A criminologist is a social scientist who specializes in the study and control of crime. They are not on the front lines fighting crime like police officers. Instead, criminologists gather and analyze statistics about crimes and the people who commit them in order to identify patterns of criminal behavior. Criminologists use this information to develop theories that explain the causes and effects of criminal behavior so that it can be prevented. There are comprehensive and rigorous academicRead MoreService Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Public and Private Universities in Tanzania22790 Words   |  92 PagesSERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN TANZANIA Kayita Sulaiman Read MoreThe Impact Of Customer Relationship Management On Customer Retention9371 Words   |  38 PagesDegree of Bachelors in Business Administration Submitted by Usman Hassan Rahmani BBA- 7145 SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY LAHORE â€Æ' DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that this project is entirely my own work and that any additional sources of information have been duly cited. I hereby declare that any Internet sources published or unpublished works from which I have quoted or draw references fully in the text and in the content list. I understand that failure to do this will result in failure ofRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesContents PART 1 UNDERSTANDING HRM Chapter 1 The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Learning Outcomes 2 Introduction 4 5 Understanding Cultural Environments 4 The Changing World of Technology What Is a Knowledge Worker? 6 How Technology Affects HRM Practices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee InvolvementRead MoreAnalysis of the Causes and Measures of Curbing Fraud in the Banking Sector25289 Words   |  102 Pagesalready in place should be reviewed. In this regard, a Nigerian version of the Sarbanes Oxley act must be enacted and since the most important resource of any organization is the human resource, there must be a standard audit department staffed with the best material in terms of knowledge, experience, human relations, integrity, dedication and commitment to the success of the bank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page......................................................................................

Why It Is Important to Reduce Emissions Caused by Carbon Dioxide free essay sample

Australia is considered to be the driest populated continent in the world and faces stern drought and water shortages. Reducing carbon emissions is challenging for Australia, although the Government realizes that meeting this challenge is important and commits to reducing the level of pollution caused by greenhouse gases in Australia, and voluntarily preparing for an altered climate in the near  future. The Hon. Greg Combet (Assistant Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency) stated in his speech that, â€Å"Australia is already the driest inhabited continent on earth, and is heavily exposed to the impacts of climate change and faces huge environmental and economic costs from climate change impacts including on water security, agriculture, energy supply, health, coastal communities and infrastructure† (The Hon. Greg Combet AM, 2010). 1. M. Harris: Analysis on Environmental Effects The discount rate is used as a measure to determine future costs and benefits from climate change. However, according to M. We will write a custom essay sample on Why It Is Important to Reduce Emissions Caused by Carbon Dioxide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harris, there is uncertainty when using this method. He states that other methods that include ecological as well as economic costs and benefits should be chosen. M. Harris examined two studies, one by William Nordhaus and other by Cline. William Nordhaus said that the most favorable policy would be a minute reduction in greenhouse gas emission lower than recent estimations. Whereas, Cline focused on long-term effects and used a low discount rate of 1. 5% to level present and future cost. From these studies, M. Harris concluded, â€Å"Even though costs of aggressive action appeared higher than benefits for several decades, the high potential long-term damages sway the balance in favor of aggressive action today†. Furthermore, M. Harris argued that stabilization of the global climate should be the target and not economic optimization of costs and benefits. According to M. Harris, the present rate of emissions from carbon dioxide and other gases will carry on to gather in the atmosphere. Also, in order to stabilize the gathering of greenhouse gases, it would require a major cut below current emission levels. If actions are taken to prevent global climate change from happening, this will have an impact on the economy (M. Harris, 2002). GDP, consumption and employment will be affected and the government will take strict measures to lower emissions of carbon dioxide (M. Harris, 2002). 2. Policy tools Policies and plans are required to reduce carbon emissions in the coming centuries. These policies and plans can assist to deploy climate friendly energy production and use of technologies. There include tradable permits, carbon taxes, education and training, use of new technologies and research and development. The realization of the severe effects of carbon emissions, happening due to the burning of fossil fuels, has led to the suggestion for non-market mechanisms such as regulation and market mechanisms such as tradable emissions permits and carbon taxes, to lower emissions (Cornwell. Antonia, 1996). In terms of efficiency, market methods are usually preferred and carbon tax is said to be the easiest policy to implement and monitor (Cornwell. Antonia, 1996). 2. 1Policy tools: Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme The emission trading scheme, or ‘Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme’, is a cap and trade system. A company purchases a permit from the government and only then they can emit greenhouse gases. The government caps the level of emissions by limiting the amount of permits obtainable. The plan of the government is to reduce the stock of permits little by little each year- boosting the competition for permits and pricing them at a higher rate eventually. (Anonymous, 2008). The Australian Government has set long term and medium term targets to reduce emissions. The Government aims to reduce emissions to 60% lower than 2000 levels by 2050, and its medium term target ranges between 5 and 15% below 2000 levels by 2020. According to the government, Australia needs to reach an universal agreement so that atmospheric contents of greenhouse gases can be stabilized at around 450 parts per million of CO2E (Carbon Dioxide Equivalent). The government has realized that to achieve this global commitment with such action is going to be challenging in the future. The medium term targets set by Australia are quite similar to that of many other countries that have announced their targets. For example: the European Union (Pope, 2009). The working of the ETS is mainly based on emitters of any six greenhouse gases who acquire a permit for each tonne of gas they emit. There is monitoring, reporting and auditing done on the total amount of emissions the industries produce. During the end of every financial year, each firm surrenders a permit for each tonne of emissions they produced during that year. Limited amounts of permits are issued by the Government every year and entities compete to buy the amount of permits they need. The permits are mostly auctioned or traded in the secondary market and firms who consider the permits of high value pay a lot for them. Reducing emissions than buying permits is a convenient choice for smaller firms. Few other firms are allocated free permits, as a transitional assistance measure. These firms either use or sell the permits (Pope, 2009). The carbon pollution permits will be auctioned by the Government during the second year of action (2012-13). More ever, the government believes that an efficient way of assigning permits is by auction because only those who highly rate them will purchase it. Even then, some of the permits will be administratively allocated, so that transitional difficulties can be looked at. All the money raised from this scheme will be used to support households and businesses for adjusting to the scheme and to invest in clean energy resources (Pope, 2009). Furthermore, the government will arrange assistance for emissions-intensive trade-exposed industries to lower the risk because of the relocation of their industries to offshore places due to competition from countries that don’t poses carbon constraints and deliver general transitional service towards a carbon constrained economy. Assistance will also be given to emissions-intensive coal-fired electricity sector. The target is mainly on emissions-intensive generators as it is not possible for them to pass on the whole costs of the permits they purchase (Pope, 2009). The CPRS, carried out by the Australian Government is mainly revenue-neutral, and all the revenue generated will be used for lower and middle income households (mostly through transfer payments as an alternative to tax reductions) and businesses compensation, and stimulate behavioral change towards less carbon polluting goods and services, and output technologies, appropriately. The CPRS unfortunately is not tax neutral during a short period. Pope, 2009) 2. 2 Policy tools: Carbon Tax A carbon tax is a particular tax charged on an individual unit of carbon dioxide, or carbon equivalent of different other greenhouse gases, emitted into the earths atmosphere. The tax is usually charged at a price per tonne e. g. , $20/tonne CO2. On the other hand, with emission trading, the main point of a carbon tax is to create a cost penalty on g reen house emissions. In order to reduce emissions, the introduction of a cost penalty may be one of the set preferences (Brian Dawson, 2009). Economists usually assert that a tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels as a means of obtaining the low cost emission reductions across all fossil carbon resources. The tax can lower carbon dioxide emissions in two ways: It stimulates dynamic use of energy, and encourages the growth of zero-emission technologies by raising fossil fuel prices. This type of tax, steams up the change in consumption from coal and oil to other better burning fuels due to fluctuation of prices between fuels. Muller, 1996) There are benefits gained from a carbon tax. Firstly, this policy of imposing tax is frequently used and can be adopted through the present administration systems. Secondly, policymakers find the foreseeable economic impact of a tax very captivating. Lastly, tax incomes can provide capital for low income households vulnerable to high energy prices, adjustment assistance for fossil fuel production communities, and growth of lower emission technologies and infrastructure (Muller, 1996). In application, then, a carbon tax can be accepted as one tool in a climate change policy kit that includes voluntary agreements, efficiency standards, technology-promoting policies, infrastructure investments, land use policies, and other measures (Muller, 1996). 2. 3 Policy tools: Ramp;D, Technologies, Energy Production Australia’s support for research and development on carbon capture and storage from burning of fossil fuel is growing day by day. By expanding the commitment to increase funding for research and development and salability f low emissions technologies in which Australia has a national interest and conditional advantage has a logical place in the healing process. The increase of Australia’s effort on the latest technologies would grant Australia an important part to play in changes towards the required global commitments (Jubb, 2010). Policy tools can assist further technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through alterations in the energy product ion sector and encouraging increased efficiency in energy use, thus transitioning to a lower carbon-intensive energy sector. Energy Production: There are many ways to reduce mission from energy production sector. Fuel source can be switched from coal to oil gas, increasing power plant efficiency, improving transmission, CO2 capture and storage, increasing the use of renewable energy technologies and nuclear power (Chopra, 2005). 3. Steps taken by the Commonwealth to reduce emissions Australian Greenhouse Office: Aimed to provide a whole-of-government approach to greenhouse matters, and to distribute the Commonwealth government’s $180 million climate change package (Australia, 2001). The AGO also directs the Commonwealth’s contribution to the 1998 National Greenhouse Strategy and is responsible for delivery of the Commonwealth government’s $796 million ‘Measures for a better environment’ package (Australia, 2001). National Carbon Accounting System: Established by the Australian Government to precisely review the contributors that land-based activities make to green house gas sources and sinks (Australia, 2001). The main components of the NCAS are land clearing, land use and management, biomass estimation and soil-carbon estimation. Transport emissions: The commonwealth government looks at reducing greenhouse emissions from road transport through programs such as, the Environmental Strategy for the Motor Vehicle Industry, the broader National Greenhouse Strategy and measures to support and promote the increased use of alternative fuels (Australia, 2001). National Greenhouse Strategy (AGO1998): This strategy supplied the structure for Australia’s greenhouse response and is basically the primary means by which International commitments will be met (Australia, 2001). The strategy provides the foundation of actions to be adopted by the governments, industry and the community. There are 3 main topics that were discussed: * Developing awareness and knowledge of greenhouse issues; * Reducing the increase of greenhouse emissions and improving Australia’s greenhouse sinks; * Creating methods to cope with likely climate changes. Greenhouse Challenge Program (1995): A voluntary program which engages in cooperation with Australian industry to lower greenhouse emissions (Australia, 2001). The reductions mostly are from developments in energy and process efficiency. More than 500 firms have participated in this program and commit to reduce greenhouse emissions (Australia, 2001). Fugitive emissions: These are a by-product of industries. For example, loss of gas from pipelines and the evaporation of petrol from motor vehicles. Fugitive emissions are regulated, so that industries provide repairs to leaks and check fugitive emissions. 4. Costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions When alleviating climate change, there are lots of costs involved. The series of these costs totally depends on the types of policies and methods used to reduce emissions. Economists suggest that the costs of reducing emissions are much less when incentive based policies are implemented (Toman, 2001): For example, emission taxes and tradable emissions permit than under more straight regulations. Toman, 2001, suggested when taxes are imposed on income, employment level goes down and the demand for labor will fall because employers cannot meet the demand of workers, which is higher wages due to high tax incurred by the company. Furthermore, due to tax, employees will not get to enjoy most of their income (Toman, 2001) and this will discourage people from joining the workforce. Taxes on the income from capital lead to â€Å"too much† current consumption and â€Å"too little† investment and savings† (Toman, 2001). Likewise, certain regulations that raise producers output cost also lower employment opportunities and investment in the economy and these add to the alterations created by the tax policies (Toman, 2001): For example, when a t ax in levied on the carbon content of fossil fuels drives up the electricity and gasoline production costs of entities, this leads to a slight fall in the whole level of economic activity and job opportunities. According to (Chopra, 2005), the predicted osts from climate change might have a little impact on world’s GDP: For example, percentage decreases in global average GDP over the subsequent 100 years for stimulation at 450 parts per million varies from about 0. 02% to 0. 1% each year, in comparison to yearly GDP growth averages rates of 2-3% each year. The Australian Government estimated using MEGABARE (climate change economic model which analyze the economic effect of greenhouse gas emission policy) that satisfying emission targets would severely damage the economy (Alexander Gillespie, 2000). From this model, the Government has identified high costs from the reduction of emissions. For example, they declare that: * The wages in Australia will be reduced by 20% compared to the normal levels by 2020; * GDP will fall by 2% during 2020; * There will be a decline of $9000 in the savings accounts of each Australian; * Thousands of jobs will be lost; * Each Australian would incur 22 times more economic cost when compared to each European 5. Summary This research essay explains why it is important to reduce emissions caused by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and avoid the costs originated by them in the near future. Australia is severely impacted by global climate change.

The Card Players by Paul Cézanne Special Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Special Exhibition of Cà ©zanne’s work on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York until May 8, 2011 confirms the master’s importance and solidifies his influence on modern art as a whole.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Card Players by Paul Cà ©zanne: Special Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pablo Picasso once characterized Paul Cà ©zanne ‘the father of us all’ – the â€Å"all† meaning every painter who identified with the modernist movement – and Cà ©zanne apparently â€Å"referred to himself as the Moses of Aix† (Feaver 128). Cà ©zanne is perhaps best known for his 1906 masterpiece â€Å"The Large Bathers,† a modern art essential work that served as the inspiration for Picasso’s later masterpiece â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’Avignon†. One of the paintings on displ ay in this exhibit is Paul Cà ©zanne’s â€Å"The Card Players,† which dates from 1890–92. It is oil on canvas and measures 25 3/4 by 32 1/4 inches. Cà ©zanne was in his early fifties and resided on his family estate at Aix en Provence in France at the time of its inception and execution. Aix en Provence provided the backdrop as well as the subject matter for the work; it was here that he used the local peasants employed by his family on the estate to sit for the paintings. â€Å"The Card Players† is part of the Metropolitan Museum’s Special Collection put together by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and The Courtauld Gallery based in London, England. This painting is part of an exhibition that opens with engraved reproductions that locate card playing in its historical and artistic context from Renaissance painters to Flemish and Dutch Baroque masters (Campbell n.p.). The exhibit also shows Cà ©zanne’s studies used for the Card P layers series, as well as three of his five major oil paintings that focus on card playing. The exhibit also houses portraits of some of the men who posed as the original Card Players (Campbell n.p.). In the â€Å"The Card Players,† three men sit playing cards at a table while a fourth watches from the rear of canvas smoking a pipe. Overall it is a monochromatic work: the colours stay within the blue palette, with subtle contrasts of light blues against darker blues, and colder blues that give way to warmer indigo and violet hues. Red is used to delicate effect – in the cravat of the pipe smoking spectator and upon the face cards on the table. â€Å"The Card Players† is a â€Å"single figure study,† and the cards at first glance appear to be little more than smudges (Schjeldahl 78). However upon close inspection it is apparent that the â€Å"clutter of coarse, arbitrary-seeming strokes† actually comprises flesh and blood men (Schjeldahl 78).Adverti sing Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The compilation of images seems to belong together and yet conflict and contrast with each other at the same time. The card players and pipe smoker, painted in a rich tapestry of bronzes and golds, fight the dogmatic nature of the colder blues and grays. In these paintings, the master detail reveals the painter’s obsession with reality, almost as if â€Å"Cezanne starts with a psychologically intense close-up and then steps gradually backwards† (Campbell-Johnston 15). The main draw of the work remains Cà ©zanne’s brushwork. The master was intensely exact and attempted to paint exactly as people saw, â€Å"to the testimony of eyesight,† thus the angles within the painting are slightly askew, testifying to the function of vision from the right eye as it moves to the left. The brushwork strikes bold forms into being with dark gl obs of colour, and he creates â€Å"surfaces so exciting that they seem almost to vibrate as you look† (Campbell-Johnston 15). Essentially Cà ©zanne points out to the viewer the illusion involved in the act of seeing. The net effect on the viewer of this brushwork seems simultaneously haphazard and intricately detailed, and the overall emotional impression of the canvas reflects this paradox. The viewer feels conflicting emotions while observing the canvas – the card players appear simultaneously thrilled and dejected, contented and forlorn, there and not there. Though he began as an Impressionist, Cà ©zanne doggedly worked through and surpassed Impressionism, as he was â€Å"dissatisfied with a style that sacrificed physical structure to retinal sensation.† Cà ©zanne’s goal was to find a way for painting to mirror the way of seeing, the way the human eye, optic nerve, retina and brain worked together to render meaning out of an endless series of dispa rate colours and shapes. Cà ©zanne articulated his artistic vision herein: â€Å"I want to make of Impressionism something solid and durable, like the art of the museums.† Cà ©zanne eventually grew to the stature of the â€Å"beau ideal of modernist values† (Schjeldahl 78). According to Schjeldahl, his work came to represent for the twentieth century what paintings by Raphael had represented for earlier movements in that Cà ©zanne’s paintings made â€Å"our perceptions of art inextricable from how it comes to be. Our eyes and minds, as we look, repaint the picture† (Schjeldahl 78). The exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art offers viewers a chance to see a modernist master’s work up close and personal. Works Cited Campbell, Thomas. â€Å"Audio Guide.† www.metmuseum.org. The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Special Exhibitions. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Card Players by Paul Cà ©zanne: Special Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Campbell-Johnston, Rachel. â€Å"Best show in London? It’s on the Cards; Cezanne’s Meticulous Studies Give his Gamblers a Human Dignity, says Rachel Campbell-Johnston.† Times [London, England] 20 Oct. 2010: 15. Web. Cà ©zanne, Paul. The Card Players. 1890-1892. The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Special Exhibitions, New York. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. Feaver, William. â€Å"The Moses of Aix.† ARTnews Dec. 1995: 128. Web. Schjeldahl, Peter. â€Å"Game Change.† The New Yorker 28 Feb. 2011: 78. Web. This essay on The Card Players by Paul Cà ©zanne: Special Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art was written and submitted by user Josiah Lang to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

nuke tech essays

nuke tech essays Today in our energy hungry world, the reliance on nuclear power is getting larger and larger. Nuclear power is on top of the list of forms of power available to generate electricity in the quantities, forms and reliability needed as we head towards the 21st century. Current operating nuclear plants number approximately Nuclear energy production will grow an average of 3.3 to 4.2% Per Year worldwide from 1988-2005 (IAEA News briefs, Sept.1989). Though we have experienced if not the worst techno genic environmental disaster of the 20th century fourteen years ago - Chernobyl, together with the partial meltdown at Three Mile Island twenty-one years ago, most people today give only passing thoughts to the issue of nuclear safety worldwide. These two cases are only mere examples of the ominous potential for accidents of great magnitude within such nuclear plants worldwide. It is vital that we understand both the logic and outcomes of such disasters. Today fourteen years later, effects of Chernobyl are still hazardous and have been detected all over the world. Belarus, a country most affected by history's worst nuclear disaster does not even have a nuclear plant. The radiation released from Chernobyl was 200 times more than that of the combined releases of the atom bombs that annihilated Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Due to prevailing winds, 25 percent of the land in Belarus is uninhabitable. All normal life has stopped there, people are afraid to move, stay, marry and afraid to have families. The costs of the accidents after-effects are monumental; resettlement of people affected, medical and clean-up costs are just a few on the priority list. The problem lies in ignorance of interactions between human, engineering, organizational and managerial factors of such a system. In most cases human error is customarily cited as a major cause of the problem. Sometimes in my mind I...

Impact of Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Impact of Nationalism - Essay Example The most important feature of nationalism is the nationalistic behavior. It defines the ability and willingness of a nation to make sacrifices to construct national instruments such military, diplomacy, intelligence, economic etc that are necessary for the survival and integrity of any nation to keep them safe from external threats. This ability to make sacrifices for the country is the most important aspect of any countries foreign policy. The same is true for all aspects of national life. This willingness of the people to make sacrifices and nationalism makes any country more powerful. An empirical study of different cases of the world reveals that this nationalism can be mobilized to identify opportunities and achieving national goals and it can also be channelized to deal with threats to the nation as is the case of USA. Emergence of Nationalism was also observed in Russia and China after the cold war. However in the case of Russia with the disintegration of Soviet Union, the pow er, prestige, authority and economic independence was lost but Russians gain their identity and could express their love and affection for their nation. This nationalism helped them come out as triumphant from the economic and political turmoil caused by disintegration. The impact of nationalism is so strong that just ten years after the disintegration of Soviet Union, all the countries that emerged from it are very different from each other.

How does McKibbens book conclude What is his final argument Essay

How does McKibbens book conclude What is his final argument - Essay Example McKibbens concludes that human beings should expect massive extinction of species and higher cost of living in the future. In addition, the author relates scientific effects of global warming with local effects that individuals will experience. Mckibben concludes that people should stop focusing so much on economic growth, which according to him is the main cause of environmental changes. This is because economies all over the world have been striping off natural resources from earth to improve their economic status. However, according to McKibben the new earth should include living in a world where people are willing to live with less. This earth will have many economic problems since people will have less attachment to material things and be more connected to the nature. Furthermore, this book points out that the new earth will have repercussions on the economic status of generations to come. However, according to him, human beings cannot escape the new earth since they have already killed the old earth; thus, the new earth will not use machines in its food production to avoid polluting the environment. This means that it will be more labor intensive than the old earth and according to the author; more focus will be give n to farming and producing organic

Online examination system Essay Example for Free

Online examination system Essay The cellular concept, cellular frequency planning, link control, handoffs, power control, traffic capacity, propagation modelling, digital transmission techniques, fading mitigation, multiple access techniques, wireless networking, examples of current and future wireless standards. Introduction and overview (1 Lecture) Introduction to Cryptography: (2 lectures) Terminology steganography, substitution and transformation ciphers, XOR,  one-time pads, Protocol Building Blocks: (3 Lectures) Communications using symmetric cryptography, one-way hash functions, communications using public-key cryptography, digital signatures,  Basic Protocols: (2 lectures) Key exchange, authentication, secret splitting, secret sharing, cryptographic protection of databases, Intermediate  Protocols: (2 lectures) Time stamping services, subliminal channel, undeniable digital signatures, Key Length: (2 lecture) Symmetric key length, public-key key length, comparing symmetric and public-key key length, Key Management: (3 Lectures) Generating keys, transferring keys, verifying keys, using keys, updating keys, storing keys, compromised keys, lifetime of keys, destroying keys, public key management,  Algorithm Types and Modes: (10 Lecture) Electronic codebook mode, block replay, cipher block chaining mode, stream ciphers, cipher-feedback mode, output feedback mode, choosing a cipher mode, block ciphers vs. stream ciphers, Choosing an Algorithm, Choosing an algorithm, public-key vs. symmetric cryptography, encrypting communication channels, encrypting data for storage, Security Models, Windows, Linux, Web, Cookies, Biometrics (gummy fingers), Tempest, Viruses, Firewalls, System/Comprehensive Security Analysis Text Book/s Stallings, W and Brown, L., Computer Security: principles and practice, 2nd edition, 2011 Reference Material William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 4th Edition, 2005, ISBN-13: 978-0131873162 Kaufman, Perlman, Speciner, Network Security: Private Communication in a Public World, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002, ISBN-13: 978-0130460196 Other books will be used in the course if necessary. Department Of Computer Science Information Technology, HIC Jauharabad Campus Instructional Aids/Resources Assessment Criteria Class Assessment 35% Quizzes and Test 15 Assignment and Presentations 10 Attendance and Class Participations 5 Assignments + Quizzes Mid 25% If Required: Final 40% If Required: Total 100%

Free Essays - Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man :: Alexander Pope Essay on Man

Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man An enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the Enlightenment. People during this era thought and reasoned about a variety of topics. Some people concerned themselves with the issue of God, which consequently caused many to question the church. Others were concerned with the organization of the Universe, and man’s place within that Universe. The first epistle of Alexander Pope’s â€Å"Essay on Man† can be considered an articulation of the Enlightenment because it encompasses three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man’s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man’s place in the world, as apart of the great chain of life. The ability to reason was the central focus of the Enlightenment also denoted The Age of Reason. Pope begins epistle one by appealing to the reason of his audience. He writes, â€Å"Together let us beat this ample field, / Try to open, what the covert yield!† Pope encourages his audience to use the reason they have been given, to examine those things that have been advised against. To reason about those issues which have been kept in secrecy. He then goes on to write â€Å"say first, of God above, or man below, / What can we reason, but from what we know?† Pope again is addressing the ability of his audience to reason. He is trying to bring them into the 18th century, asking them to look for evidence in the knowledge they receive, rather then allowing the church to spoon-feed them all of their knowledge. bodyOffer() During the Enlightenment, people began to question the church for the first time. Pope exemplifies this when he writes, â€Å"no Christians thirst for gold.† Pope subtly questions the nature of Christianity and Christians by exposing their own sinful desire for material goods. His words are simple, but they say a lot. By acknowledging that these Christians sin, and â€Å"thirst for gold,† he asks then why a man is looked down upon if they do not aspire to be Christian, since Christians have a sinful nature just like that of every other man. Pope was not alone in questioning Christianity and the church. David Hume writes, â€Å"the Truth of Christian Religion is less than the Evidence for the Truth of our Senses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Many writers during the Enlightenment not only questioned Christianity, but also the church in general.

Sole Proprietor Essay

Advantage ( 1 ) Easy to set up: Exclusive trading concern can be established really rapidly and easy. Anybody who wants to get down a concern can make so. whenever. he likes. In Nepal. merely nominal legal formality of enrollment is necessary. ( 2 ) Easy to fade out: Dissolution of exclusive trading concern every bit simple. There are no legal formalities in this respect. Owner can fade out concern whenever he likes to make so. ( 3 ) Effective control: In this signifier of concern organisation. owner is responsible for all types of activities. He controls all maps and takes determinations at appropriate clip. So. the concern is controlled in an effectual manner. He controls all maps and takes determinations at appropriate clip. So. the concern is controlled in an effectual manner. ( 4 ) Direct motive: The direct relationship between attempt and reward serves as a powerful inducement to the owner to pull off the concern expeditiously. The owner being entitled to the full net incomes of the conc ern tries to maximise net incomes by using his endowments and activities in the best possible manner. ( 5 ) Personal supervising: The owner is able to oversee every work of the concern himself. This helps to construct up a stopping point and affable relationship with the employees. He can take personal involvement in his clients and he can run into their single and typical demands easy and adequately. It ensures efficaciously and economic system in the operation. ( 6 ) Benefit of Unlimited Liability: The owner can obtain loan on his personal recognition. The liability being limitless. the creditors feel secure in widening recognition. ( 7 ) Prompt determination: The proprietor has full control over his concern. So he is able to take determination quickly without confer withing anybody. If more than one individual is involved in doing determination so hold is bound to happen. ( 8 ) Secrecy: The owner can keep concern secrets. There is no legal ordinance sing the revelation of concern information. So he can keep secretiveness from his rivals. Secrecy is really critical for concern success. ( 9 ) Flexible: Exclusive bargainer enjoys the maximal flexibleness in his concern. If any alteration in concern is required. he does no hold to confer with any one and can do the alteration without hold. No legal formalities are required for doing alterations in operations. This gives flexibleness to this type of concern. ( 10 ) Social importance: From societal point of view sole trading concern is of import because: – It is a agency for gaining support independently. – It avoids concentrating wealth in few custodies. – It brings competition among exclusive owners. so they provide goods in cheaper rates to the society. – Qualities like autonomy. assurance. tact and enterprise are developed in this organisation. ( 11 ) Net incomes: All the net incomes accrue to the exclusive owner. There is no limitation on the capital employed in the concern. Capital additions inclusion rates are lower for persons than for concern entities. The exclusive owner besides enjoys the normal revenue enhancement discounts and the one-year capital additions exclusion. Disadvantage 1 ) Limited Capital: The capital of one owner is normally little. It is limited to his personal nest eggs and borrowing on personal security. Hence. he can non set about farther enlargement and development deficiency of extra capital and fails to bask the internal and external economic sciences of graduated table. ( 2 ) Limited Management Ability: In the present competitory universe complexnesss of managerial occupations are increasing everyday. One adult male can non be expert in each and every map of the concern. For deficiency of resources he may non be able to utilize the services of experts. So limited managerial ability will impede the growing of the house. ( 3 ) Unlimited Liability: The limitless liability of exclusive proprietary is a great disadvantage. A loss in concern may strip the owner of his assets excessively. So large concern houses necessitating more economic hazard are non established under this organisation. ( 4 ) Uncertain Life: The success of this type of concer n depends on the personal capacity of owner. In instance of his decease concern may be discontinued. The replacements may non hold the same grade of autonomy and ability. Therefore. there is no uninterrupted being of the house. ( 5 ) Dull and Monotonous Work: The owner has the exclusive right on net income of the concern. So he tries to work more to gain more net income. Consequently the work becomes dull and humdrum. His wellness is severely affected and he is deprived of pleasant societal dealingss and affable household life. ( 6 ) No Large Economicss and Specialization: A little concern graduated table can non economies in purchases. production and selling. Similarly the benefit of specialisation of service of experts can non be obtained. ( 7 ) Loss in Absence: A exclusive trading has to endure from the long unwellness of the owner. In his absence concern comes to a deadlock. This can take to heavy losingss. Employees may non be efficient or they may non take sincere involvement. ( 8 ) Possibility of Incorrect Decision: In exclusive trading a businessman alone makes all the determinations. Hence. determinations may non be ever right and wise. When a considerable figure of people are involved in doing determination procedure a wise and mature determination is possible. – The full value of the concern signifiers portion of the exclusive proprietary estate in the event of decease. This could take to estate responsibility being paid. – The concern demands to be shut down on the exclusive owners decease. there is no automatic continuance of the concern on decease. Particular proviso can be made via the will though. Partnership Advantage ( 1 ) Easy to organize and Dissolve: A simple understanding among spouses is sufficient to register a partnership. No other formal paperss and legal formalities are required. It is every bit easy and cheap to fade out a partnership. ( 2 ) More Resources: Partnership is a combination of several individuals. So more capitals can be collected and advantages of large-scale concern may be obtained. More spouses can be added if capital demands are big. ( 3 ) Harmonization of Different Abilities: In partnership house. there is a harmonisation of different abilities of different spouses. The endowment. expertness and cognition of spouses in different Fieldss can be used for the public assistance of the concern. So. there is more opportunity for the promotion of concern. ( 4 ) Credit Facility: The ability of spouses being limitless they will be able to borrow more capital. As compared to sole trading concern. partnership has more recognition worthiness. A partnership house to the finance esta blishments and other creditors can supply more securities. ( 5 ) Appropriate Decisions: In spouses determinations are taken by consensus of all spouses. So they take appropriate determinations and there is less opportunity of incorrectness. Fear of limitless liability encourages cautiousness and attention. therefore. puts a brake on headlong and foolhardy determinations. ( 6 ) More Inspiration: There is more inspiration to work because spouses think that the consequence of their difficult work will be rewarded in the signifier of more net incomes to them. ( 7 ) Close Supervision: The spouses themselves look after the concern. so they avoid wastage. They have direct entree to employees and can promote them for more production. ( 8 ) Secrecy: The concern personal businesss and histories of the partnership do non necessitate promotion by jurisprudence as in companies. So. spouses can maintain concern secrets within themselves. ( 9 ) Flexible: In partnership house. there can be any alteration in managerial set-up. capital. and graduated table of production. These alterations can be made by the common understanding between spouses. Therefore. it enjoys flexibleness. ( 10 ) Protection of Minority Interests: Every spouse has a right to take part in the direction of the concern. All-important determinations are taken by the consent of all spouses. In event of disagreement minority may even Veto a declaration. Hence. it protects the involvement of minor spouses. ( 11 ) Reduced Hazard: all spouses will portion the losingss incurred by the house. So loss of each spouse will be less in comparing to sole trading concern. – There are no formal demands for the creative activity of a partnership. – There are no formal demands for the running of the concern. This makes partnerships an cheap concern entity to run. – Partners are taxed in their ain capacities. which could take to lower revenue enhancement. depending on the degree of income of the person. Disadvantage ( 1 ) Uncertain Being: The partnership house suffers from the unsure being because it can be dissolved at the clip of decease of insolvency of spouse. Therefore. the life. of the house is dependent on the life of the spouses. In the same manner a concern may end due to dishonesty of a spouse or struggle among spouses. ( 2 ) Unlimited Liability: The liability of spouses is limitless. The spouses are jointly and individually apt for the debts of the house. So they try to avoid hazards and curtail the enlargement and growing of the concern. ( 3 ) Trouble in Prompt Decisions: All-important determinations are taken by the consent of all spouses. So determinations doing procedure becomes clip devouring and loss of concern chances due to detain in decision-making. Normally in concern. the self-generated determinations can merely enable the house to bask higher net incomes. which is non possible in partnership. ( 4 ) Danger of Disputes: Many individuals are proprietors of a partnership house . Every spouse wants to demo his importance. Misunderstanding and covetous inclinations are the common failings of the human existences. So there is ever a danger difference among them. which may take concern to an terminal. ( 5 ) Trouble on Transfer of Shares: A spouse can non reassign his or go forth the house portions without the consent of all other spouses. The consent of all other spouses is mandatory. So people do non desire to put money in a partnership concern. ( 6 ) Hazard of Implied Authority: A dishonest or unqualified spouse may take the house in troubles. The other spouses will hold to run into the duties incurred by the spouse. The proviso of implied authorization may make jobs for the concern. ( 7 ) Lack of Public Confidence: The populace does non hold much assurance in a partnership concern. This is because personal businesss of a partnership concern are non unfastened to public examination. Its histories are non required to print. There is no much governmental control over the operations of a partnership. ( 8 ) Limited Resources: Modern concern demands big sum of capital. But in partnership the resources are limited to the personal financess of the spouses. Borrowing capacity of spouses is besides limited. Even though the capital is more in partnership than in instance of exclusive trading. but still is non sufficient for the smooth behavior and operation of large-scale concern. – Not a separate legal entity and therefore spouses are apt for the partnership debts in their ain capacity. The personal. single assets of the spouse may be attached for the liabilities of the partnership under certain fortunes. – The partnership terminates on the decease of a spouse. Unless there are sufficient financess available to purchase the asleep partner’s portion o r to pay his portion in hard currency. the assets of the partnership will hold to be sold. – A spouse may non be a member of a pension/ provident fund. as there is no employee/employer relationship between the partnership and its spouses. Joint stock company Advantages ( 1 ) Huge Financial Resources: A company can roll up big amount of money from big figure of stockholders. There is no bound on the figure of stockholders in a public company. Since its capital is divided into portions of little value even a individual of little agencies can lend to its capital by merely buying its portions. It installations the mobilisation of nest eggs of 1000000s for the productive intents. In add-on. a company can borrow from Bankss to a big extent and besides issue unsecured bonds to public. ( 2 ) Limited Liability: The liability of stockholders in a company is limited to the face value of the portions they have purchased. The limited liability encourages many people to put in portions of joint stock companies. If the financess of a company are deficient to fulfill the claims of the creditors. no members can be called to pay anything more than the value of portions held by them. ( 3 ) Ageless Being: Due to its separate legal being. it has ageless being. The life of company is non dependent dice or go insolvent. The members of a company may travel on a company. The stableness of concern is of great importance to the society every bit good as to the state. ( 4 ) Transferability of Shares: The portions if a public company are freely movable. This transferability of portions brings about liquidness of investing. It encourages many people to put. It besides helps a company in tapping more resources. ( 5 ) Diffusion of Hazard: In exclusive proprietary and in partnership concern. few individuals portion the hazard. But in company. the figure of stockholders is big. so many individuals portion hazard. Therefore. the load of hazard upon any person is non immense. This attracts many investors. It enables companies to take up new ventures. ( 6 ) Efficient Management: In company ownership is separate from direction. A company has adequate resources to use the services of experts and directors who may be extremely specialized in different Fieldss of direction. It can pull gifted individuals by offering them higher wages and better calling chances. The efficient direction will assist the company to take balanced determinations and can direct the personal businesss of the company in the best possible mode. It besides helps to spread out and diversify the activities of the company. ( 7 ) Economies of Large Scale Production: Large-scale production of modern yearss is the consequence of company signifier of organisation. This consequences in economic sciences in production. purchase. selling and direction. These economic systems will assist company to supply quality goods at lower cost to the consumers. ( 8 ) Democratic Management: the elective representatives of stockholders called the ‘directors’ manage The Company. Directors are responsible and accountable to the general organic structure of stockholders. Decisions are taken by a bulk of ballots wholly based upon democratic rules. This prevents in misdirection of a company. ( 9 ) Public Assurance: A company enjoys a greater public assurance and repute in the market due to legal control. promotion of histories and ageless being. Audit of Joint Stock Company is mandatory. A company’s fiscal histories and statements are published. circulated and are unfastened to public review. Therefore public have enough religion in it. So. it can acquire loan from different fiscal establishments. ( 10 ) Social Importance: The company provides chance to mobilise scattered nest eggs of the community. It besides creates employment chances. Due to large-scale production consumers get cheaper goods. The society is supplied with adequate measure of goods. Government gets income in the signifier of revenue enhancements. Disadvantages ( 1 ) Trouble in Formation: A company is non easy to organize and set up. A figure of individuals should be ready to tie in for acquiring a company incorporated. It requires a batch of legal formalities to be performed. The portions will hold to be sold during the prescribed clip. It is both expensive and hazardous. ( 2 ) Lack of Secrecy: A company has to detect many legal formalities. Most of the concern activities are decided through meetings. Net income and Loss Accounts and Balance Sheet are required to be published. So trade secrets can non be maintained. ( 3 ) Delay in Decisions: In company determinations doing procedure is clip devouring. Either Board of Directors of by General Annual Meetings makes all important determinations. So many chances may be lost due to detain in determination devising. ( 4 ) Separation of Ownership and Management: A company is owned by stockholders but managed by managers. The stockholders play an undistinguished function in the working of the company. Though managers are proprietors of some making portions merely. yet the consequence of their activities is to be borne by all stockholders. The net income of the company belongs to stockholders and the Board of Directors is paid merely on a committee. There is no direct relationship between attempts and wagess. So the direction does non take personal involvement in the workings of company. Hence. they may work against the involvement of huge bulk of stockholders. ( 5 ) Guess in portions: The Joint Stock Companies facilitate guess in the portions at stock exchanges. It has been found that even the managers and the directors of the company indulge in pull stringsing the value of portions to their advantage. When they want to buy the portions they lower the rate of dividend and when they want to dispose of the portions they declare dividends at a higher rate. ( 6 ) Oligarchic Management: The stockholders who are the existent proprietors do non hold much voice in the direction. A smattering of stockholders. who besides manage the personal businesss of the company. are able to hold control over it. Theoretically the company is democratic. but in pattern it is largely a instance of oligarchy ( Rule by few ) . A few individuals hold power and control and seek to work the bulk. Therefore. it does non advance the involvement of the stockholders in general. ( 7 ) Excessive Regulation: A company has to detect inordinate ordinances imposed by the jurisprudence of the state. The inordinate ordinances are made with a position to protect the involvement of the stockholders and the populace but in pattern they put obstructions in their normal and effectual working. A batch of cherished clip. attempts. and fiscal resources are wasted in following with statutory demands. ( 8 ) Conflict of Interest: In a company there are many parties whose involvement may collide and the consequence may be struggle of involvements. The direction. the stockholders. the employees. the creditors and the authorities may hold their ain single involvements. Therefore. a lasting type of struggle of involvements may go on to be in the companies. These struggles by and large lead to inefficiency in the direction and cut down employee morale. ( 9 ) Disregard of Minority: the stockholders holding bulk of them decide all major issues in company. Majority group ever dominate over the minority group whose involvement are ne'er represented in the direction. The company act provides steps against subjugation of minority. but the steps are non really effectual.

ESL Improve Your English Telephone Skills

Speaking on the telephone can be a challenge to all students. There are many reasons for this: There is no body language.People are often nervous when speaking on the phone.People might speak quickly and be difficult to understand. Practice your telephone skills using the short  English  conversations provided below that focus on several everyday situations. Print these telephone scenarios for use in class or share telephone conversations with your friends online. For example, you could Skype your friend, navigate to a telephoning English practice page, and rehearse together by each taking a role, exchanging roles, and practicing a few times.   Telephone Tips Practice each dialogue with a friend or classmate a few times. Next, write your own telephone dialogues, go into another room, and use your smartphone to call your partner. Practicing by using a real phone will make future conversations with native speakers much easier. After youve practiced with a friend, try these tips: Call local businesses:  The best way to get better is by practicing calling various stores or businesses. Before calling, jot down a few notes on the information you would like to find out. Use your notes when you call the stores to help you feel more confident when you speak.Call yourself:  To practice leaving messages, call yourself and leave a message. Listen to the message to see if you can understand the words clearly. Play the recording for a native-speaking friend to see if she understands the message you have left.  Introduce yourself properly: When on the phone, use This is... rather than I am... when introducing yourself in English.   Dont be shy about asking  the speaker (politely) to repeat names and numbers to ensure that you get the right information. Repeating names and numbers will help slow speakers down. Key Vocabulary Before practicing the following dialogues, familiarize yourself with the following terms, which are common to many telephone conversations: This is ...May (Can, Could) I speak to...?Im calling ...Hold the line a moment...put someone through...Whos calling...?take a messagecall, ring, phone Calling Someone at Work Caller:  Hello. This is [your name]. May I speak to Ms. Sunshine, please.Receptionist:  Hold the line a moment, Ill check if she is in her office.Caller:  Thank you.Receptionist:  (after a moment) Yes, Ms. Sunshine is in. Ill put you through.Ms. Sunshine: Hello, this is Ms. Sunshine. How can I help you?Caller:  Hello, my name is [your name], and Im calling to inquire about the position advertised on JobSearch.com.Ms. Sunshine:  Yes, the position is still open. Could I have your name and number, please?Caller:  Certainly, My name is [your name]... Leaving a Message Fred:  Hello. Could I speak to Jack Parkins, please?Receptionist:  Whos calling, please?Fred:  This is Fred Blinkingham. Im a friend of Jacks.Receptionist:  Hold the line, please. Ill put your call through. (after a moment)—Im afraid hes out at the moment. Can I take a message?Fred:  Ã‚  Yes. Can you ask him to give me a call? My number is 909-345-8965Receptionist:  Could you repeat that, please?Fred:  Ã‚  Certainly. Thats 909-345-8965Receptionist:  OK. Ill make sure Mr. Parkins gets your message.Fred:  Thank you. Goodbye.Receptionist:  Goodbye. Making a Doctors Appointment Caller 1:  Dr. Petersons office. How may I help you?Caller 2:  Id like to make an appointment to see the doctor.Caller 1:  Certainly, are you ill at the moment?Caller 2:  Yes, Im not feeling very well.Caller 1:  Do you have a fever or any other symptoms?Caller 2:  Yes, I have a slight fever and aches and pains.Caller 1:  OK, Dr. Peterson can see you tomorrow. Can you come in the morning?Caller 2:  Yes, tomorrow morning is fine.Caller 1:  How about 10 oclock?Caller 2:  Yes, 10 oclock is fine.Caller 1:  May have your name?Caller 2:  Yes, its David Lain.Caller 1:  Have you seen Dr. Peterson before?Caller 2:  Yes, I had a physical exam last year.Caller 1:  Yes, here you are. OK, Ive scheduled for 10 oclock tomorrow morning.Caller 2:  Thank you.Caller 1:  Drink plenty of warm fluids and get a good nights sleep.Caller 2:  Thank you. Ill do my best. Goodbye.Caller 1:  Goodbye. Making a Dinner Reservation Caller 1:  Good Evening Browns Grill. How may I help you?Caller 2:  Hello, Id like to make a dinner reservation for Friday.Caller 1:  Certainly, Id be happy to help you with that. How many people are there in your party?Caller 2:  Therell be four people.Caller 1:  And what time would you like to make a reservation?Caller 2:  Lets say at 7 oclock.Caller 1:  Im afraid we dont have anything available then. We could seat you at 6 oclock or 8 oclock.Caller 2:  Oh, OK. Lets make the reservation for 8 oclock.Caller 1:  Fine, 8 oclock on Friday evening for four people. May I have your name?Caller 2:  Yes, its Anderson.Caller 1:  Is that Anderson with an e or an o?Caller 2:  Anderson with an o.Caller 1:  Thank you. Great. I have a table for four for the Anderson party at 8 oclock on Friday evening.Caller 2:  Thank you very much.Caller 1:  Youre welcome. Well see you on Friday.Caller 2:  Yes, see you then. Goodbye.Caller 1:  Goodbye. Telephoning the School About Your Child Caller 1:  Good morning, Washington Grade School, this is Chris. How may I help you?Caller 2:  Good morning, this is Alice Smith, Im calling for my daughter, Judy. Shes not feeling well today.Caller 1:  Im sorry to hear that. I hope its not too bad.Caller 2:  No, no she has a little fever and a cough. Nothing too serious.Caller 1:  Well, I hope she feels well soon.Caller 2:  Thank you. Do you think I could get her homework for today?Caller 1:  Is there any specific class?Caller 2:  Im especially concerned about math and science.Caller 1:  OK, is it all right for me to give your email address to the teachers? They can then send the homework along later today.Caller 2:  That would be great. Do you have my e-mail on file?Caller 1:  Just a moment... We have chrispgmail.com. Is that correct?Caller 2:  Yes, that is correct.Caller 1:  OK, Ill make sure Mr. Brown and Ms. White get your message and email.Caller 2:  Thank you very much.Caller 1:  I hope Judy feels well soon.Caller 2:  She should be fine by tomorrow. Thanks for your help.Caller 1:  My pleasure, have a nice day.Caller 2:  Thank you. Goodbye.Caller 1:  Goodbye. Asking a Question about a Bill Caller 1:  Good afternoon, Northwest Electricity, how may I help you?Caller 2:  Good afternoon, this is Robert Tips. I have a question about my electricity bill this month.Caller 1:  Id be happy to help you with that Mr. Tips. Can I have your account number?Caller 2:  Im afraid I dont have that with me.Caller 1:  Its no problem. Ill just look your name up in our database.Caller 2:  Great.Caller 1:  Could you give me your address as well?Caller 2:  Its 2368 NW 21st Ave., Vancouver, Washington.Caller 1:  Yes, I have your account up on my computer. How may I help you?Caller 2:  The last bill I received seemed too high.Caller 1:  Yes, I see that it was considerably higher than last year. Did you use more electricity?Caller 2:  No, I dont think we used any more electricity than the year before.Caller 1:  OK, Ill tell you what I can do. Ill mark this and have a supervisor take a look at the account.Caller 2:  Thank you. When can I expect an answer?Caller 1:  W e should have an answer for you by the end of the week. Ill give you an inquiry number.Caller 2:  OK, let me get a pen... OK, Im ready.Caller 1:  Its 3471.Caller 2:  Thats 3471.Caller 1:  Yes, thats correct.Caller 2:  Thank you for your help.